What is the Internet of things?

The Internet of things (iot) is an important part of the new generation of information technology, as well as an important stage of development in the "information age". Its English name is "Internet of things (IoT)". As the name implies, the Internet of things is the Internet of things. First, the core and foundation of the Internet of things is still the Internet. Second, its user end extends and extends to any item and item, to carry on the information exchange and communication, that is, the object phase. The Internet of things (iot) is widely used in the integration of the network through intelligent perception, identification technology and pervasive computing, which is also known as the third wave of the development of the world's information industry after computers and the Internet. The Internet of things is an extension of the Internet. The Internet of things is more a business and an application than a network. Therefore, application innovation is the core of the development of the Internet of things, and innovation 2.0 with user experience as the core is the soul of the development of the Internet of things.

Origin

The practices of the Internet of things in 1990 can be traced back to xerox's Networked Coke Machine in 1990.

In 1995, Bill Gates mentioned the Internet of things in his book the road to the future, but it did not attract much attention.

In 1999, professor Kevin Ash ton from the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) first proposed the concept of Internet of things.

In 1999, the "auto-id" center was established by the Massachusetts institute of technology in the United States, which proposed that "everything can be connected through the network", and clarified the basic meaning of the Internet of things. The early Internet of things was a logistics network based on RFID technology. With the development of technology and application, the connotation of Internet of things has changed greatly. In 2003, the American technology review proposed that sensor network technology would be the first of the ten technologies that will change people's life in the future.

In 2004, the ministry of general affairs (MIC) proposed the u-japan plan, which aims to achieve the connection between people, objects and objects, and people and objects. It hopes to build Japan into a ubiquitous online society that can be connected anytime, anywhere, any object and anyone.

The ITU Internet report 2005: the Internet of things (iot) was released by the international telecommunication union (ITU) at the world summit on the information society (WSIS) in Tunis on 17 November 2005, citing the concept of the "" Internet of things" ". The definition and scope of the Internet of things has changed, and its coverage has expanded considerably, not just referring to the Internet of things based on RFID technology.

In 2006, south Korea established the u-korea plan, which aims to build ubiquitous society, to build intelligent networks (e.g. IPv6, BcN, USN) and various new applications (e.g. In 2009, Korea communications commission released the basic plan of Internet of things infrastructure construction, which identified the Internet of things as a new driving force for growth, and proposed to achieve the goal of "building the world's most advanced Internet of things infrastructure implementation and building a world-class ict power in the field of broadcasting and communication integration" by 2012.

After 2008, in order to promote the development of science and technology and find new economic growth points, governments began to pay attention to the technology planning of the next generation and set their sights on the Internet of things.In China, in November the same year in the 2nd China mobile affairs conference of the Beijing university "2.0" the knowledge society and innovation put forward the development of mobile technology, the Internet of things technology represents the formation of a new generation of information technology, and promote the transformation of economic and social form, innovation form, to promote the knowledge oriented society with user experience as the core of the next generation of innovation in the form of (2.0) innovation form, innovation and development to pay more attention to the user, focus on people-oriented. The formation of innovation 2.0 further promotes the healthy development of the new generation of information technology.

In 2009, the European commission published the European iot action plan, which depicted the application prospect of iot technology, and proposed that eu governments should strengthen the management of iot and promote the development of iot.

On January 28, 2009, after Obama became President of the United States, he held a "roundtable" meeting with American business leaders. As one of only two representatives, IBM CEO Sam palmisano first proposed the concept of "smart earth" and proposed the new administration to invest in a new generation of smart infrastructure. That year, the United States cited new energy and the Internet of things as two of its priorities for boosting the economy. On February 24, 2009, IBM greater China CEO qian daqun unveiled the latest strategy called "" intelligent earth" "on IBM BBS. As soon as the concept was put forward, it received a lot of attention from all walks of life in the United States. Some analysts even thought that the idea of IBM would rise to the national strategy of the United States and cause a stir worldwide.

In August 2009, the "experience China" wen's speech to the study and application in the field of Internet of things development to the climax, in wuxi city take the lead in establishing the "experience China" research center, Chinese academy of sciences, operators, many universities established the iot in wuxi institute, wuxi jiangnan university college has also established the first entity iot factory. Since premier wen put forward the concept of "perceiving China", the Internet of things has been officially listed as one of the five emerging strategic industries in China and written into the "government work report". The Internet of things has received great attention from the whole society in China, and its level of attention is incomparable in the United States, the European Union and other countries. [3] the concept of the Internet of things is already a concept of "made in China". Its coverage has kept pace with The Times, and it has exceeded the scope referred to by professor Ashton in 1999 and ITU report in 2005. The Internet of things has been labeled as "Chinese style". As of 2010, the national development and reform commission, the ministry of industry and information technology and other ministries are jointly working with relevant departments to carry out research on the new generation of information technology so as to form some new policies and measures to support the new generation of information technology, thus promoting the development of China's economy. Internet as a new economic growth point of the strategic emerging industry, has the good market efficiency, the 2014-2018 China's Internet industry application area forecast market demand and investment analysis report data show that in 2010 the Internet of things in the field of security, transportation, electric power, and the logistics market size is 60 billion yuan and 30 billion yuan respectively, 28 billion yuan and 15 billion yuan. In 2011, the market size of China's Internet of things industry reached more than 260 billion yuan.

Definition

Was first put forward in 1999: namely by radio frequency identification (RFID) + Internet (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning system, laser scanner, the information such as gas sensors sensing device, according to the contract agreement, connect any item with the Internet, information exchange and communication, in order to realize intelligent identification, location, tracking and monitoring and management of a network. In short, the Internet of things is the Internet of things. The university and enterprise alliance of China Internet of things defines the Internet of things as the combination of almost all current technologies with computers and Internet technologies to realize real-time sharing of environment and status information as well as intelligent collection, transmission, processing and execution. Broadly speaking, the current application of information technology can be included in the category of the Internet of things. [3] in its famous technology fusion model, the Internet of things is the technology concept and application that is closest to the top of the model. The Internet of things (iot) is a network based on the Internet, traditional telecom network and other information carriers, which enables all ordinary physical objects that can be independently addressed to achieve interconnection. It has three important characteristics: intelligence, advanced and interconnection. The international telecommunication union (ITU) ITU Internet report, released on the Internet of things to do the following definition: by qr code read device, radio frequency identification (RFID) device, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS) and laser scanner and other information sensing device, according to the contract agreement, to any item connected to the Internet, information exchange and communication, in order to realize intelligent identification, location, tracking and monitoring and management of a network. According to the definition of international telecommunication union (ITU), the Internet of things mainly deals with the interconnection between Thing to Thing (T2T), Human to Thing (H2T) and Human to Human (H2H). However, different from the traditional Internet,H2T refers to the connection between common devices and articles, which makes the connection between articles more simplified, while H2H refers to the interconnection between people without relying on PC. Since the Internet does not take into account the problem of connection to any object, we use the Internet of things to solve this problem in the traditional sense. The Internet of things as the name suggests is the network connection objects, many scholars have discussed the Internet of things, often can introduce a concept of M2M, can explain become people to people, Man to Man, and Man to Machine (Man) to the Machine, Machine to Machine by nature, between Man and Machine, Machine and Machine interaction, mostly in order to realize the information interaction between people. The Internet of things (iot) refers to a huge network formed by combining with the Internet by collecting all kinds of necessary information such as objects or processes that need to be monitored, connected or interactive in real time through various information sensing devices. Its purpose is to realize the connection between objects and objects, objects and people, all objects and the network, and to facilitate identification, management and control. Its industry in 2011 was more than 260 billion yuan. The support layer, perception layer, transmission layer, platform layer and application layer constitute the five layers of the iot industry respectively, accounting for 2.7%, 22.0%, 33.1%, 37.5% and 4.7% of the iot industry scale. The iot perception layer and transmission layer are involved in numerous manufacturers, which has become the most competitive field in the industry. In terms of industrial distribution, the domestic iot industry has initially formed the overall industrial spatial pattern of four major regional agglomerations, including the bohai rim, the Yangtze river delta, the pearl river delta, and the central and western regions. Among them, the industrial scale of the Yangtze river delta region ranks first among the four regions. At the same time, the proposal of the Internet of things laid a foundation for the construction of national smart cities, realizing the synergistic sharing of the connectivity of smart cities. Its architecture and implementation methods are analyzed and introduced in this paper.